Shahada (Declaration of Faith): The Shahada is the declaration of faith in Islam, affirming the oneness of Allah and the prophethood of Muhammad (Peace be upon him). Muslims recite the Shahada to profess their belief in these fundamental principles. It states: "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah."
- Reference: This declaration is rooted in the Quran and is also emphasized in the Hadith literature. The Quran states, "There is no deity except Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah," is widely known and recited by Muslims around the world as an expression of their faith. (Quran, Surah Al-Fath 48:29)
Salah (Prayer): Salah, or ritual prayer, is an essential aspect of Muslim worship. Muslims perform Salah five times a day facing the Kaaba in Mecca. These prayers serve as a means of connecting with Allah and seeking His guidance and mercy.
- Reference: The obligation of Salah is explicitly mentioned in the Quran. For example, Allah says, "And establish prayer and give zakat and bow with those who bow [in worship and obedience]." (Quran, Surah Al-Baqarah 2:43)
Zakat (Almsgiving): Zakat is the practice of giving a portion of one's wealth to those in need. It serves as a means of purifying one's wealth and supporting the less fortunate members of society. Zakat is obligatory on eligible assets that exceed a certain threshold.
- Reference: The obligation of Zakat is mentioned in several verses of the Quran, such as, "Take, [O, Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke [ Allah 's blessings] upon them." (Quran, Surah At-Tawbah 9:103)
Sawm (Fasting): Sawm refers to fasting during the month of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. Muslims abstain from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn until sunset as an act of obedience and devotion to Allah.
- Reference: The obligation of fasting during Ramadan is explicitly stated in the Quran, "O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous." (Quran, Surah Al-Baqarah 2:183)
Hajj (Pilgrimage): Hajj is the pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, which every Muslim who is physically and financially able is required to perform at least once in their lifetime. It involves specific rituals performed over several days, commemorating the actions of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and his family.
- Reference: The obligation of Hajj is mentioned in the Quran, "And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House - for whoever is able to find there to a way." (Quran, Surah Al-Imran 3:97)
These Five Pillars of Islam serve as the foundation of a Muslim's faith and practice, guiding them in their relationship with Allah and their interactions with others in society.
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